Description: This color image shows an exterior view of the Old Mahoning County Courthouse, Canfield, Ohio, ca. 1960-1969. Mahoning County was created in 1846 by combining townships from southern Trumbull and northern Columbiana counties. Canfield competed successfully with several surrounding communities to become the new county's seat. Its success was attributed to its central location and also to the political influence of Judge Eben Newton and Elisha Whittlesey, Esq., comptroller of the United States Treasury from 1849-1857. The State of Ohio required the county to provide "a suitable lot and $5,000 toward public buildings." Judge Newton donated the land and spearheaded the subscription of the state-required bond. This Greek Revival courthouse was completed in 1848, and an Italianate-style west wing was added in 1862. Canfield's governmental status was challenged in the early 1870s when Youngstown, by now a city, resumed its earlier quest to become the county seat. To meet the challenge, Canfield hired James A. Garfield, future president of the United States, to defend it before the Ohio Supreme Court. The Court's 1876 decision favored Youngstown, thus ending Canfield's era as the seat of Mahoning Valley government. With government records removed to Youngstown, the property reverted to Judge Newton, who donated it for educational purposes. For more than four decades the old courthouse housed both private and public schools until a 1923 public auction by the Canfield Village Board of Education dispensed with the building. Now under private ownership, the former courthouse served many commercial enterprises, including the temporary return of a county district court. An exterior restoration in the 1960s and the reconstruction of the missing bell tower returned the aging beauty to its present status as one of Ohio's finest examples of public architecture. The Old Mahoning County Courthouse was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL06629
Subjects: Courthouses; Justice centers; Justice--Administration of; National Register of Historic Places; Mahoning County (Ohio); Canfield (Ohio); Local government
Places: Canfield (Ohio); Mahoning County (Ohio)
 

Description: This photograph is part of a series of photographs taken by the Ohio Department of Agriculture documenting farms in Ohio. This photograph shows the Kirk farm, owned by H.H. Kirk near Canfield, Ohio. Spanning 100 acres, Kirk had three acres of apple orchard and eight acres of wheat. Kirk also grew rye, clover, oats, and Timothy-grass. In addition, Kirk raised dairy cattle and 75 head of sheep. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA726AV_B01F07_001_1
Subjects: Farming; Agriculture--Ohio; Rural Life; Crops
Places: Mahoning County (Ohio); Canfield (Ohio);
 

Description: This photograph is part of a series of photographs taken by the Ohio Department of Agriculture documenting farms in Ohio, and shows men with horses by a barn on the 100-acre Kirk farm, owned by H.H. Kirk near Canfield, Ohio. Kirk had three acres of apple orchard and eight acres of wheat. He also grew rye, clover, oats, and Timothy-grass, and raised dairy cattle and 75 head of sheep. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA726AV_B01F07_002_1
Subjects: Agriculture--Ohio; Farming; Barns; Rural Life; Horses
Places: Canfield (Ohio); Mahoning County (Ohio);
 

Description: This photograph is part of a series of photographs taken by the Ohio Department of Agriculture documenting farms in Ohio, and shows a field on the 100-acre Kirk farm, owned by H.H. Kirk near Canfield, Ohio. Kirk had three acres of apple orchard and eight acres of wheat. He also grew rye, clover, oats, and Timothy-grass, and raised dairy cattle and 75 head of sheep. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA726AV_B01F07_003_1
Subjects: Agriculture--Ohio; Farming; Rural Life; Crops
Places: Canfield (Ohio); Mahoning County (Ohio);
 

Description: This photograph is part of a series of photographs taken by the Ohio Department of Agriculture documenting farms in Ohio, and shows the Kirk farm family home, owned by H.H. Kirk near Canfield, Ohio. On his 100 acres, Kirk had three acres of apple orchard and eight acres of wheat. He also grew rye, clover, oats, and Timothy-grass, and raised dairy cattle and 75 head of sheep. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA726AV_B01F07_004_1
Subjects: Agriculture--Ohio; Farming; Farmhouses; Rural Life
Places: Canfield (Ohio); Mahoning County (Ohio);
 

Description: This photograph is part of a series of photographs taken by the Ohio Department of Agriculture documenting farms in Ohio, and shows the Kirk family farmhouse and various farm buildings, owned by H.H. Kirk near Canfield, Ohio. On his 100 acres, Kirk had three acres of apple orchard and eight acres of wheat. He also grew rye, clover, oats, and Timothy-grass, and raised dairy cattle and 75 head of sheep. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA726AV_B01F07_005_1
Subjects: Agriculture--Ohio; Farming; Rural Life; Farmhouses; Barns
Places: Canfield (Ohio); Mahoning County (Ohio);
 

Description: This photograph is part of a series of photographs taken by the Ohio Department of Agriculture documenting farms in Ohio, and shows the barn on the Kirk farm, owned by H.H. Kirk near Canfield, Ohio. On his 100 acres, Kirk had three acres of apple orchard and eight acres of wheat. He also grew rye, clover, oats, and Timothy-grass, and raised dairy cattle and 75 head of sheep. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA726AV_B01F07_006_1
Subjects: Agriculture; Farming; Barns; Rural Life
Places: Canfield (Ohio); Mahoning County (Ohio);
 

Description: Two photographs document the law office of abolitionist Joshua Giddings. Born in Bradford County, Pennsylvania, Giddings (1795-1864) served in the War of 1812 and taught school before studying law under Elisha Whittlesey in Canfield, Ohio. He moved to Jefferson, Ohio, where he built his law office in 1823. Giddings' law office is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The photographs are 8" x 10" (20.32 x 25.4 cm). Giddings served a term in the Ohio House of Representatives in 1826 and was elected to Congress in 1837. Throughout his twenty years in Congress, Giddings fought against slavery as a leading Radical Republican. In 1861, President Lincoln named Giddings consul-general to Canada, where he served until his death. Giddings' law partner Benjamin Wade was also a prominent abolitionist and presided over the Senate during the impeachment of President Andrew Johnson. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: Om3176_3928638_001
Subjects: Civil Liberties; Architecture; Presidents and Politics; Giddings, Joshua R. (Joshua Reed), 1795-1864; National Register of Historic Places; Offices; Lawyers
Places: Jefferson (Ohio); Ashtabula County (Ohio)
 

Description: "Choicest Varieties of Celery" is the headline next to a drawing of Kalamazoo celery, a new variety promoted on p. 11 of the trade catalog "Beautiful Flowers from the Calla Greenhouses, Calla, Ohio" (1899). The illustration shows a bunch of celery with the letters of the name "Kalamazoo" arranged in a vertical column. The catalog was published by Lewis Templin and Sons Seed Company (Calla, Ohio), which was among the largest mail-order seed houses in the United States during the mid- to late 1800s. Pennsylvania native Lewis Templin moved to Ohio in 1822 and started his nursery in 1845 in Canfield. In 1866 Templin and four sons built a greenhouse at Loveland Station (later renamed "Calla"). The business had a well-deserved reputation for quality products and for generating its financial success solely from small, individual orders. Templin's son Mark produced the firm's catalogs, including "Beautiful Flowers from the Calla Greenhouses." An estimated 300,000 catalogs were distributed annually. A fire destroyed the company's entire spring crop in January 1892, but afterwards the firm rebuilt on an even larger scale. Lewis Templin died in 1899. His sons continued operating the business until 1907, when increased competition and rising costs caused it to fail. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL05783
Subjects: Nurseries (Horticulture)--Catalogs; Seed products; Trade catalogs--Ohio--1880-1900; Botanical illustration; Ohio Economy--Agriculture
Places: Calla (Ohio); Mahoning County (Ohio)
 

Description: Dated June 16, 1897, this is a diploma for Arthur Kelton Lawrence from The Ohio State University for earning a degree in pharmacy. The document is signed by Vice President of the Board of Trustees William I. Chamberlain, President of the University James Hulme Canfield, and Secretary of the Board of Trustees Alexis Cope. Arthur Kelton Lawrence (1877-1954) was the son of Thomas Lawrence and Martha Hartway Lawrence. Martha escaped from slavery and was taken in by the Kelton family in Columbus, for whom Thomas worked. Shortly after earning this degree, Arthur mustered into volunteer service with the 9th Battalion, Ohio Infantry, as a hospital steward during the Spanish American War. Following his service, he moved to Kansas and began practicing medicine before returning to Columbus and continuing his practice. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: OVS7365
Subjects: Education, Higher; Pharmacy; Ohio State University--History; African American Ohioans
Places: Columbus (Ohio); Franklin County (Ohio)